Lord Acton summed it up neatly: 'Power leads to corruption, and absolute power leads to absolute corruption.' To put an end to corruption, the people should exercise sovereignty and call for comprehensive constitutional reform to implement democratic rule of law. This means separation of powers and checks and balances as well as free election campaigns for candidates to cut symbiotic ties between government and business that engender corruption. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for details.

The exclusive province of the EU and China as the US retreats to between the two major oceans. Human security and sustainable development are two of the major tasks of the UN, and all nations – members or not – should comply with its norms. This entails meeting the standards of the UN Charter, the Paris climate agreement and all other relevant pacts. For details see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Human security and sustainable development are two of the major tasks of the UN, and all nations – members or not – should comply with its norms. This means implementing One World under One Set of Laws and giving international law precedence over domestic law, with direct bearing on the rights and duties of the people. All nations should comply with the UN Charter, all other relevant pacts. For details see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

The Russian should take action to implement the UN-established goals for sustainable development goals in urban planning to achieve a tolerant, safe, flexible and sustainable urban environment. Adequate, safe and affordable housing with comprehensive basic services for all is essential for the sustainable development and management of human settlements. For more, see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Jose Rizal, the 'Father of the Philippines', once warned, 'Today's slaves often become tomorrow's tyrants; believe in the rule of law,not in the rule of man.' The Philippine Constitution is dysfunctional and constitutional reform is needed to install a modified semi-presidential system. The president and other key elected officials should be limited to a single5-year term and banned from running again for 6 years. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Developmentfor more.

Putin engineered a constitutional amendment in 2008 that allowed him to extend his term in office, and in March he was elected a third time as president. His actions have caused serious harm to the Russian constitution. The rule of law is an inherent right of the people, and constitutional reform is needed to choose the heads of the executive, legislative,-judicial and procuratorial branches. The president should serve one term of 5 years and be barred from running for the same office for 6 years afterwards, 1/4 of all MPs should face election each year, and election campaigns should be free of charge for all candidates. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Article 39 of the Hong Kong Basic Law stipulates that the people of the SAR have right to self-determination under the two international human rights conventions. The people of Hong Kong cannot take their rights for granted. In Switzerland the threshold for petitioning a referendum is only 50,000 signatures, and with that citizens can express their opinion through the ballot box instead of taking to the streets. The people have the right to hold referendums on any public issue. For more, see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

To put an end to corruption, constitutional reform is needed to implement democratic rule of law through clearer separation of powers and checks and balances as well as free election campaigns for candidates, to cut symbiotic ties between government and business. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for details.

Emmanuel Kant once noted, 'The pursuit of permanent peace is the highest goal of reason and a moral obligation.' China claims to be a 'responsible major power', thus it should not enable North Korea's continued militarism. The US and South Korea should support Taiwan's commitment to democracy and leading China to democratization, which would pressure North Korea in turn to adopt democracy.