A vote is a resource allocation, but it can also function as a disinfectant for corruption. To eliminate corruption, implement direct election of the heads of the legislative, executive, judicial and procuratorial branches in alternating years. The president should serve one 5-year term and not be allowed to run again for 6 years afterwards, with relatives completely barred. In addition, 1/4 of all lawmakers should face election each year. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for more.

Regardless of who sits on the throne, absolute power leads inevitably to absolute corruption, thus it is imperative to limit the powers of those at the top to prevent abuse of power. China is undemocratic, and its constitutional problems are too numerous to count. Xi Jinping has vowed to "put power in a cage," but the main result so far is confinement of the nation’s 1.3 billion people. China needs comprehensive constitutional reform to protect human rights. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

The greater the power accrued by government, the less rights will be afforded to the people. This is an equation that has played out since time immemorial. When the people are indifferent to the constitution, dictators have free rein over the nations and its resources. Voting is a form of constitutional education, and constitutional reform is necessary to ensure that the people are the rightful sovereigns. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Human rights are constitutionally guaranteed, and no public servant can compromise them. Venezuela’s Human Rights Commission should advocate constitutional reform to introduce mechanisms for the separation of powers and election of the heads of the executive, legislative, judicial and procuratorial branches in alternating years. Also, 1/4 of all legislators should face election each year so that lawmakers will be responsive to the people's needs. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Article 39 of Hong Kong’s Basic Law states that the right to self-determination is guaranteed by international human rights conventions. The people of Hong Kong cannot take their rights for granted. In Switzerland the threshold for petitioning for a referendum is only 50,000 signatures, enabling citizens to voice their opinions at the ballot box rather than taking to the streets. The people have the right to hold referendums on any public issues. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for more.

Free speech is a universal value. The people of Hong Kong need to step up and call for comprehensive constitutional reform to protect media independence and prevent the government oligopoly from monopolizing the media, the internet and all other channels of speech. Natural law and absolute law must be enforced to protect all people from enforced disappearance, torture and other violations of human rights. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development for more. .

China must purge the stains of thousands of years of corruption, and the only way to do that is through democracy and the rule of law. These are the natural enemies of despotism and corruption with their mechanisms for separation of powers and checks and balances. Key among the changes needed are direct election of the heads of the four branches of government. For more, see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development. .

Human security is a fundamental human rights, and human rights are superior to all regimes and sovereigns. Constitution represent the general will of the people, and ensuring human security - including personal safety - is the most basic and urgent duty of constitutional guarantors. To be specific, constitutional reform is needed to attain standards that will be in step with changing times and protect all people from fear. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development / Global Unity Constitutional Standards.

British historian Lord Acton noted that "power leads to corruption, and absolute power leads to absolute corruption." To put an end to corruption, the people must exercise their rights as sovereigns and call for comprehensive constitutional reform to implement democratic rule of law, including separation of power and checks and balances as well as free elections for all candidates. This is the only way to end the symbiotic structure of government and money that breeds corruption. See the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development.

Human security and sustainable development are two of the major tasks of the UN and all nations, whether member states or not, should abide by its norms. The solution to the problem of environmental pollution is the core values of One World under One Set of Laws, assigning international law priority over domestic law with direct bearing on the rights and duties of the people; in addition, citizens should be able to monitor government actions to ensure they are in compliance with the norms of the UN Charter. For more, see the Charter for Permanent Peace and Development. .